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  2. Quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

    Naturally occurring quartz crystals of extremely high purity, necessary for the crucibles and other equipment used for growing silicon wafers in the semiconductor industry, are expensive and rare. These high-purity quartz are defined as containing less than 50 ppm of impurity elements. [78]

  3. Fused quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_quartz

    Fused quartz is produced by fusing (melting) high-purity silica sand, which consists of quartz crystals. There are four basic types of commercial silica glass: Type I is produced by induction melting natural quartz in a vacuum or an inert atmosphere. Type II is produced by fusing quartz crystal powder in a high-temperature flame.

  4. Czochralski method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czochralski_method

    High-purity, semiconductor-grade silicon (only a few parts per million of impurities) is melted in a crucible at 1,425 °C (2,597 °F; 1,698 K), usually made of quartz. Dopant impurity atoms such as boron or phosphorus can be added to the molten silicon in precise amounts to dope the silicon, thus changing it into p-type or n-type silicon, with ...

  5. Quartz fiber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_fiber

    Quartz fiber is a fiber created from high-purity quartz crystals. [1][2] It is made by first softening quartz rods (in an oxyhydrogen flame) [3] and then creating filaments from the rods. [4] Since the creation of high-purity quartz crystals is an energy intensive process, quartz fiber is more expensive than alternatives (glass fiber and high ...

  6. Amethyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

    Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (SiO. 2) and owes its violet color to irradiation, impurities of iron (Fe3+. ) and in some cases other transition metals, and the presence of other trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions. [2][3][4] The irradiation causes the iron Fe3+.

  7. Spruce Pine Mining District - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce_Pine_Mining_District

    The Spruce Pine Mining District is a swath of the valley of the North Toe River in the Blue Ridge Mountains of northwestern North Carolina. The area is mined for its mica, kaolin, quartz and feldspar. [1] Spruce Pine district is one of the largest suppliers of high-purity quartz, which is used in the manufacture of silicon for integrated ...

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