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The contrary view is that knowing receipt is, or ought to be, part of a broader doctrine of ignorance triggering a claim for unjust enrichment. On this view, anyone who receives property that was given away in breach of trust has a strict duty to repay the value, unless they have committed a wrong, or have changed their position after the receipt.
It is a common belief that dishonest or knowing assistance originates from Lord Selbourne's judgment in Barnes v Addy: [1] [S]trangers are not to be made constructive trustees merely because they act as the agents of trustees in transactions, … unless those agents received and become chargeable with some part of the trust property, or unless they assist with knowledge in a dishonest and ...
Breach of trust, accessory liability, knowing receipt, knowing assistance Barnes v Addy (1874) LR 9 Ch App 244 [ 1 ] was a decision of the Court of Appeal in Chancery . It established that, in English trusts law , third parties could be liable for a breach of trust in two circumstances, referred to as the two 'limbs' of Barnes v Addy : knowing ...
If X has the necessary degree of knowledge, X may himself become a constructive trustee for B on the basis of knowing receipt. But unless he has the requisite degree of knowledge he is not personally liable to account as trustee: In re Diplock [1948] Ch. 465 at page 478: In re Montagu's Settlement [1987] Ch. 264. Therefore, innocent receipt of ...
Baden v Société Générale pour Favoriser le Developpement du Commerce et de l'Industrie en France [1983] BCLC 325 is an English trusts law case, concerning breach of trust and knowing receipt of trust property.
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However, Agip Ltd could not succeed for receipt of the money at common law (which did not allow electronic rather than physical tracing) or in equity (because the money was not transferred for the accountants' benefit). Banks can be liable in knowing receipt only if they receive and apply trust money to reduce or discharge a customer's ...
BCCI, in fact, gave him $16.679m to do this, thus leaving $6.679m over. Akindele did not know this was part of a fraud scheme to enable BCCI Holdings to buy its own shares. The liquidator argued he was a constructive trustee, for both knowing receipt and knowing assistance.