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A saddle point (in red) on the graph of z = x 2 − y 2 (hyperbolic paraboloid). In mathematics, a saddle point or minimax point [1] is a point on the surface of the graph of a function where the slopes (derivatives) in orthogonal directions are all zero (a critical point), but which is not a local extremum of the function. [2]
The angle of a drop of the liquid on the solid as seen in Figure 1 degrees or radians 1-cos(θ SL) The y-axis of the Zisman Plot representing wetting unitless γ L: The surface tension of the respective liquid dyne / cm γ C: The critical surface tension of the liquid needed to effectively wet the solid substrate dyne / cm
In such a graph, every vertex or edge is a critical element, in the sense that its deletion would decrease the number of colors needed in a graph coloring of the given graph. Each time a single edge or vertex (along with its incident edges) is removed from a critical graph, the decrease in the number of colors needed to color that graph cannot ...
A critical value is the image under f of a critical point. These concepts may be visualized through the graph of f: at a critical point, the graph has a horizontal tangent if one can be assigned at all. Notice how, for a differentiable function, critical point is the same as stationary point.
(See Discrete Poisson equation) [2] In this interpretation, every graph vertex is treated as a grid point; the local connectivity of the vertex determines the finite difference approximation stencil at this grid point, the grid size is always one for every edge, and there are no constraints on any grid points, which corresponds to the case of ...
For k = 3, every k-critical graph (that is, every odd cycle) can be generated as a k-constructible graph such that all of the graphs formed in its construction are also k-critical. For k = 8 , this is not true: a graph found by Catlin (1979) as a counterexample to Hajós's conjecture that k -chromatic graphs contain a subdivision of K k , also ...
A cubic equation with real coefficients can be solved geometrically using compass, straightedge, and an angle trisector if and only if it has three real roots. [30]: Thm. 1 A cubic equation can be solved by compass-and-straightedge construction (without trisector) if and only if it has a rational root.
where the degree of a vertex counts the number of times an edge terminates at that vertex. In an undirected graph , this means that each loop increases the degree of a vertex by two. In a directed graph , the term degree may refer either to indegree (the number of incoming edges at each vertex) or outdegree (the number of outgoing edges at ...