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The drug is bound to albumin with high affinity, while α 1-acid glycoprotein and lipoproteins contribute much less to total plasma protein binding. [7] The unbound or free fraction of levocetirizine has been reported to be 8%. [7] The true volume of distribution of cetirizine is unknown but is estimated to be 0.3 to 0.45 L/kg.
The procedure is to take the child's weight in pounds, divide by 150 lb, and multiply the fractional result by the adult dose to find the equivalent child dosage.For example, if an adult dose of medication calls for 30 mg and the child weighs 30 lb, divide the weight by 150 (30/150) to obtain 1/5 and multiply 1/5 times 30 mg to get 6 mg.
Levocetirizine is an antihistamine. It acts as an inverse agonist that decreases activity at histamine H1 receptors. This in turn prevents the release of other allergy chemicals and increases the blood supply to the area, providing relief from the typical symptoms of hay fever.
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose.It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1]
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[52] [53] In rats, less than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged. [53] The time to reach maximum concentration (T max) of hydroxyzine is about 2.0 hours in both adults and children and its elimination half-life is around 20.0 hours in adults (mean age 29.3 years) and 7.1 hours in children.
Most commonly, it’s produced as a commercial sweetener, she says. It can be found in sugar-free or reduced-sugar gum, baked goods, candy, and beverages, and products like toothpaste.
It is a fixed-dose combination drug containing 5 mg cetirizine hydrochloride and 120 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride for symptoms related to seasonal allergic rhinitis. [1] [2] [3] Cetirizine/pseudoephedrine gained approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2001 as a prescription drug and became over-the-counter (OTC) in 2007. [4]