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Social accounting (also known as social accounting and auditing, social accountability, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, non-financial reporting or accounting) is the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organizations' economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to ...
Sustainability accounting (also known as social accounting, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, or non-financial reporting) originated in the 1970s [1] and is considered a subcategory of financial accounting that focuses on the disclosure of non-financial information about a firm's performance to external stakeholders ...
A responsibility center is an organizational unit headed by a manager, who is responsible for its activities and results. [1] In responsibility accounting, revenues and cost information are collected and reported on by responsibility centers. [2] Typical examples of responsibility centers are the profit center, [3] cost center and the ...
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) or corporate social impact is a form of international private business self-regulation [1] which aims to contribute to societal goals of a philanthropic, activist, or charitable nature by engaging in, with, or supporting professional service volunteering through pro bono programs, community development ...
"Accountability" derives from the late Latin accomptare (to account), a prefixed form of computare (to calculate), which in turn is derived from putare (to reckon). [6] While the word itself does not appear in English until its use in 13th century Norman England, [7] the concept of account-giving has ancient roots in record-keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems ...
Sustainable development was defined by the Brundtland Commission of the United Nations in 1987. [7] Triple bottom line (TBL) accounting expands the traditional reporting framework to take into account social and environmental performance in addition to financial performance.
Since the development in 1960 of these standards has evolved gradually and is the result of a global recognition of the importance of sustainability and social responsibility, it is difficult to determine precisely which countries needed these standards first. However, certain countries or regions are particularly active in promoting ESG standards.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (UNCTAD-ISAR) founded the African Regional Partnership for Sustainability and SDG Reporting in 2022. The collaboration has 53 members as of March 2023, including national corporate social responsibility networks and/or ministries from 27 ...