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In 1972 the United States Congress passed legislation authorizing the End Stage Renal Disease Program (ESRD) under Medicare. Section 299I of Public Law 92-603, passed on October 30, 1972, extended Medicare coverage to Americans if they had stage five chronic kidney disease (CKD) and were otherwise qualified under Medicare's work history ...
Renal replacement therapy includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration, which are various ways of filtration of blood with or without machines. Renal replacement therapy also includes kidney transplantation , which is the ultimate form of replacement in that the old kidney is replaced by a donor ...
Those who are actively certified as a Sleep Disorders Specialist are permitted to use the post-nominal letters "SDS", "RRT-SDS" or "CRT-SDS" depending on their level and preference. [ 1 ] ACCS — The Adult Critical Care Specialty Examination program is designed specifically for a respiratory therapist with the RRT credential and experience in ...
Graduates of accredited associate level college programs or higher (bachelor, masters) are eligible to sit for this examination. [2] In Latin America the Latin American Board for Professional Certification in Respiratory Therapy awards certification as a Certified Respiratory Therapist. Eligibility requirements by the Latin American board are ...
Certified cost or pricing data may not be obtained for acquisitions at or below the simplified acquisition threshold. [3] Other exceptions are stated in FAR 15.403-1(b) or may be adopted under a waiver requested by the contracting officer in exceptional circumstances. If certified cost or pricing data has been requested by the Government and ...
Unlike traditional indemnity insurance, an HMO covers care rendered by those doctors and other professionals who have agreed by contract to treat patients in accordance with the HMO's guidelines and restrictions in exchange for a steady stream of customers. HMOs cover emergency care regardless of the health care provider's contracted status.
Insurance companies determine what drugs are covered based on price, availability, and therapeutic equivalents. The list of drugs that an insurance program agrees to cover is called a formulary. [7] Additionally, some prescriptions drugs may require a prior authorization [88] before an insurance program agrees to cover its cost.
Hemofiltration is sometimes used in combination with hemodialysis, when it is termed hemodiafiltration. Blood is pumped through the blood compartment of a high flux dialyzer, and a high rate of ultrafiltration is used, so there is a high rate of movement of water and solutes from blood to dialysate that must be replaced by substitution fluid that is infused directly into the blood line.