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The opportunity for intrastate carriers to escape federal economic regulation arose because of the Commerce Clause of the Constitution of the United States, under which the US federal government may only regulate interstate commerce, leaving states considerable leeway to regulate companies that operate solely within a single state, so long as that operation has minimal interstate impact.
Interstate long-distance or inter-LATA interstate long-distance, the most common group, is the one for which long-distance carriers are usually chosen by telephone customers. Another form of long-distance call, increasingly relevant to more U.S. states, is known as an inter-LATA intrastate long-distance call. This refers to a calling area ...
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies.
The interexchange carrier to which calls from a subscriber line are routed by default is known as the presubscribed interexchange carrier (PIC). To give telephone users the possibility of opting for a different carrier on a call-by-call basis, carrier access codes (CAC) were devised. These consist of the digits 101 followed by the four-digit CIC.
In this instance, federal regulations apply only to interstate commerce. Commerce which does not involve the crossing of state lines is considered intrastate, and is under the jurisdiction of the respective state's laws. However, most states have adopted intrastate regulations which are identical or very similar to the federal HOS regulations. [22]
Southwest started operations in 1971 and from 1971 thru 1978 was a Texas intrastate carrier, escaping CAB regulation. It was, in a sense, a carrier that was deregulated even before deregulation. Other important intrastate carriers included Pacific Southwest Airlines, Air California (later AirCal) and Air Florida, none of which survived the 1980s.
The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) is a North American voluntary standard that provides a comparison of commodities moving in interstate, intrastate and international commerce via freight shipment.
Complete Auto claimed that its transportation was but one part of an interstate movement, and that the taxes assessed and paid were unconstitutional as applied to operations in interstate commerce. The Chancery Court, in an unreported opinion, sustained the assessments. [2] Complete Auto appealed to the Mississippi Supreme Court.