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The first documented description of a peer review process is found in the Ethics of the Physician by Ishaq ibn 'Ali al-Ruhawi (854–931) of al-Raha, Syria, where the notes of a practising Islamic physician were reviewed by peers and the physician could face a lawsuit from a maltreated patient if the reviews were negative. [51] [52]
Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari is a British Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, mufti, researcher, founder and chief-Mufti of Darul Ifta Leicester and a teacher at Jamiah Uloom-ul-Quran Leicester. He has authored a number of books including Islamic Guide to Sexual Relations and Birth Control & Abortion in Islam .
The book is based on Ibn Abidin's Sharh Ukud al-Mufti and has been enriched by various sources, such as the history, requirements, and etiquettes of giving fatwas. [3] While delivering lectures at the Department of Fatwa, Taqi Usmani wrote a memorandum to the students at Darul Uloom Karachi in which he summarized the book Sharh Ukud Rasm al-Mufti and added knowledge points, history of Fatwa ...
Maliki school of thought was founded in the Medina, Hejaz. by Imam Malik ibn Anas (93 AH/715 AD - 179 AH/796 AD). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Shafi'i school of thought was founded in Baghdad by Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (150 AH/766 AD - 204 AH/820 AD) and subsequently expanded in Egypt .
Terms associated with right-doing in Islam include: Akhlaq (Arabic: أخلاق) is the practice of virtue, morality and manners in Islamic theology and falsafah ().The science of ethics (`Ilm al-Akhlaq) teaches that through practice and conscious effort man can surpass their natural dispositions and natural state to become more ethical and well mannered.
Muhammad Abduh, who served as the second Grand Mufti of Egypt (1899–1905) in the Egyptian Dar al-Ifta Under European colonial rule, the institution of dar al-ifta was established in a number of madrasas (law colleges) as a centralized place for issuing of fatwas, and these organizations to a considerable extent replaced independent muftis as ...
Ibn Khaldun; Sidi Boushaki; Ibn Rushd; Al-Nawawi; Ibn Taymiyyah; Ibn al-Qayyim; Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi; Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani; Ibn Hajar al-Haytami; Al-Suyuti; Al-Qurtubi; Azizul Haque (scholar) Al-Bahūtī; Al-Marghinani; Ibn Abidin; Rashid Ahmad Gangohi; Mahmood Hasan Gangohi; Mufti Taqi Usmani; Ibn al-Nafis; Ibrahim ibn Faïd; Muzammil H ...
Faithful to the tenets of Ibn Taymiyya and Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab (1792 C.E/ 1206 A.H), the Wahhabi movement called for Ijtihad and opposed Taqlid. [53] Advocating the Wahhabi stance on Ijtihad, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan Aal-Al Shaykh (1196-1285 A.H / 1782-1868 C.E), influential Qadi of the Emirate of Nejd, asserts: