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The copy of the Gutenberg Bible held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42, was the earliest major book printed in Europe using mass-produced metal movable type. It marked the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the age of printed books in the West.
The Bible is the world's most published book, with estimated total sales of over five billion copies. [180] As such, the Bible has had a profound influence, especially in the Western world, [181] [182] where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed in Europe using movable type. [183]
After the invention of printing in Europe, the Vulgate became the first printed book – the Gutenberg Bible (1452–1456) was created. [20] The first critical edition of the Vulgate text-type was the work of Robert Estienne in 1528. [21] In 1546, the Council of Trent passed a resolution on the need to prepare a revised Vulgate.
The first Bible printed in Scotland was a Geneva Bible, which was first issued in 1579. [7] In fact, the involvement of Knox (1514–1572) and Calvin (1509–1564) in the creation of the Geneva Bible made it especially appealing in Scotland, where in 1579 a law was passed requiring every household of sufficient means to buy a copy. [13]
The King James Version was first published in 1611 as a complete Bible (Herbert #309) and a New Testament (Herbert #310). Translated by 47 translators using the widest range of source texts, it became known as the "Authorized Version" in England and is the most widely used of the Early Modern English Bible translations.
In 1535, Coverdale produced the first printed translation of the full Bible into Early Modern English, completing the translations of William Tyndale. [ 3 ] His theological development is a paradigm of the progress of the English Reformation from 1530 to 1552.
Since Peter Waldo's Franco-Provençal translation of the New Testament in the late 1170s, and Guyart des Moulins' Bible Historiale manuscripts of the Late Middle Ages, there have been innumerable vernacular translations of the scriptures on the European continent, greatly aided and catalysed by the development of the printing press, first invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the late 1430s.
The first page of the Complutensian Polyglot. The Complutensian Polyglot Bible is the name given to the first printed polyglot of the entire Bible.The edition was initiated and financed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517) and published by Complutense University in Alcalá de Henares, Spain.