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In physical cosmology, the baryon asymmetry problem, also known as the matter asymmetry problem or the matter–antimatter asymmetry problem, [1] [2] is the observed imbalance in baryonic matter (the type of matter experienced in everyday life) and antibaryonic matter in the observable universe.
Why does the observable universe have more matter than antimatter? (more unsolved problems in physics) In physical cosmology , leptogenesis is the generic term for hypothetical physical processes that produced an asymmetry between leptons and antileptons in the very early universe , resulting in the present-day dominance of leptons over ...
The Standard Model can incorporate baryogenesis, though the amount of net baryons (and leptons) thus created may not be sufficient to account for the present baryon asymmetry. There is a required one excess quark per billion quark-antiquark pairs in the early universe in order to provide all the observed matter in the universe. [3]
All the particles that make up the matter around us, such electrons and protons, have antimatter versions which are nearly identical, but with mirrored properties such as the opposite electric charge.
The epoch of recombination occurred during a matter dominated era of the universe, so we can approximate () as () (+). Putting these together, we see that the angular diameter distance, or the size of the observable universe for a redshift z r e c ≈ 1100 {\displaystyle z_{rec}\approx 1100} is
Antimatter – Material composed of antiparticles of the corresponding particles of ordinary matter; Dark energy – Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe; Dark matter – Concept in cosmology; Gravitational interaction of antimatter – Theory of gravity on antimatter; Mirror matter – Hypothetical counterpart to ordinary ...
The CPT theorem implies that the difference between the properties of a matter particle and those of its antimatter counterpart is completely described by C-inversion. Since this C-inversion does not affect gravitational mass, the CPT theorem predicts that the gravitational mass of antimatter is the same as that of ordinary matter. [5]
The latter case occurs if the neutrinos are Majorana particles, being at the same time matter and antimatter, according to the definition given just above. [1] In a wider sense, one can use the word matter simply to refer to fermions. In this sense, matter and antimatter particles (such as an electron and a positron) are