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Indus Valley Civilisation Alternative names Harappan civilisation ancient Indus Indus civilisation Geographical range Basins of the Indus river, Pakistan and the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river, eastern Pakistan and northwestern India Period Bronze Age South Asia Dates c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE Type site Harappa Major sites Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi Preceded by Mehrgarh ...
Harappa was the centre of one of the core regions of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in central Punjab. The Harappan architecture and Harappan Civilization was one of the most developed in the old Bronze Age. The Harappan Civilization has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BC.
Indus Valley Civilization. [59] Most Indus seals depict a single animal, without obvious narrative meaning. Several are more complex, with possible symbolic designs, as well as human or semi-human figures in action. A bull-man or bull-woman, equipped with hooves, a tail and large horns, can be seen fighting a fantastic horned beast.
[3] [4] Only 40 sites on the Indus valley had been discovered in the pre-Partition era [5] by archaeologists. The most widely known Indus Valley sites are Mohenjo-daro and Harappa; Mohenjo-daro is located in modern-day Sindh, while Harappa is in West Punjab. [6] Around 1,100 (80%) sites are located on the plains between the rivers Ganges and ...
Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. [1] [2] While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, [3] newer periodisations include the Neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stage–phase model, [1] [4] [3] often combining terminology from various systems.
South Asian Harappan culture was heavily formed through its rich integration into international trade, commerce, and contact due to its location along the Indus River. [1] Signs of urbanization in the Indus Valley began as early as 6000 BCE, and by 3200 BCE the region expanded with towns and cities during the Early Harappan phase. [5]
Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the Ghaggar-Hakra beds. [6] There is an Archaeological Museum [ 7 ] in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first Harappan site of Independent India. [ 8 ]
Sothi-Siswal ceramics are found as far south as the Ahar-Banas culture area in southeastern Rajasthan. Sothi is the site of a Pre-Indus Valley Civilisation settlement dating to as early as 4600 BCE. [7] According to Tejas Garge, Sothi culture precedes Siswal culture considerably, and should be seen as the earlier tradition. [7]