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The Breakthrough is written for the lay reader and includes sections on immunology that have been written for a general audience. It examines the development of cancer immunotherapy, starting with William Coley's work with toxins in the 1890s, moving on to the long hiatus of immunotherapy, and concluding with victory for the believers in the form of regulatory approval of CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD ...
Inflammatory myopathy, also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), is disease featuring muscle weakness, inflammation of muscles , and in some types, muscle pain . The cause of much inflammatory myopathy is unknown ( idiopathic ), and such cases are classified according to their symptoms and signs , electromyography , MRI , and ...
Muscle weakness can be caused by a single or combined effect on muscle tissue by inflammation, inflammatory infiltrates, muscle atrophy, metabolic abnormalities that indicate disordered energy metabolism, [2] and possibly neuropathy, [13] among others. Therefore, physical exercise has the potential to cause harm.
There are two major theories about how sIBM is caused. One hypothesis suggests that the inflammation-immune reaction, caused by an unknown trigger – likely an undiscovered virus or an autoimmune disorder – is the primary cause of sIBM and that the degeneration of muscle fibers and protein abnormalities are secondary features. [19]
Polymyositis and the associated inflammatory myopathies have an associated increased risk of cancer. [3] The features they found associated with an increased risk of cancer were older age, age greater than 45, male sex, difficulty swallowing, death of skin cells, cutaneous vasculitis, rapid onset of myositis (<4 weeks), elevated creatine kinase, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and higher ...
Chronic systemic inflammation is the result of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune-related cells and the chronic activation of the innate immune system.It can contribute to the development or progression of certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune and neurodegenerative ...
Hyperthyroidism induced ANIM can be treated through anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, and not eating foods high in Iodine such as kelp. Treatment of the hyperthyroidism results in complete recovery of the myopathy. [7] ANIM caused by vitamin D deficiency can easily be resolved by taking vitamin supplements and increasing one's exposure to direct ...
It is also known as myasthenic syndrome, Eaton–Lambert syndrome, and when related to cancer, carcinomatous myopathy. [ 2 ] Around 60% of those with LEMS have an underlying malignancy , most commonly small-cell lung cancer (SCLC); it is therefore regarded as a paraneoplastic syndrome (a condition that arises as a result of cancer elsewhere in ...