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The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, [1] is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver. [2] It is quite similar to the Cori cycle in the cycling of nutrients between skeletal muscle and the liver. [ 1 ]
Alanine transaminase (ALT), also known as alanine aminotransferase (ALT or ALAT), formerly serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2) that was first characterized in the mid-1950s by Arthur Karmen and colleagues. [1]
In the second step, the amino group of the newly formed glutamate is transferred to pyruvate by an aminotransferase enzyme, regenerating the α-ketoglutarate, and converting the pyruvate to alanine. The net result is that pyruvate and ammonia are converted to alanine, consuming one reducing equivalent. [6]: 721 Because transamination reactions ...
Reactions beginning with either one or two molecules of pyruvate lead to the synthesis of alanine, valine, and leucine. Feedback inhibition of final products is the main method of inhibition, and, in E. coli , the ilvEDA operon also plays a part in this regulation.
In enzymology, an alanine-glyoxylate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.44) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-alanine + glyoxylate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + glycine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine and glyoxylate , whereas its two products are pyruvate and glycine .
The systematic name of this enzyme class is (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase , beta-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase , D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase , D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase , (R)-3-amino-2 ...
In enzymology, a beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-alanine + 3-oxopropanoate pyruvate + beta-alanine. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine and 3-oxopropanoate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and beta-alanine.
In enzymology, a serine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.51) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-serine + pyruvate 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-serine and pyruvate, whereas its two products are 3-hydroxypyruvate and L-alanine.