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Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis–Ekbom disease (WED), is a neurological disorder, usually chronic, that causes an overwhelming urge to move one's legs. [2] [10] There is often an unpleasant feeling in the legs that improves temporarily by moving them. [2]
Patients also display involuntary limb movements that occur at periodic intervals anywhere from 20 to 40 seconds apart. They often only last the first half of the night during non-REM sleep stages. Movements do not occur during REM because of muscle atonia. PLMS can be unilateral or bilateral and not really symmetrical or simultaneous. [6]
Rhythmic movement disorder differs from Restless Legs Syndrome in that RMD involves involuntary contractions of muscles with no urge or uncomfortable sensation to provoke such movement. Additionally, 80-90% of individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome show periodic limb movements as observed on a polysomnogram, which are not common in RMD patients.
RS3PE typically involves the joints of the extremities, specifically the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints, wrists, shoulders, elbows, knees and ankles. [4] It is more common in older adults, with the mean age between 70 and 80 years in most studies. [4] [5] It occurs more often in men than in women with a 2:1 ratio.
Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) is characterized by fasciculation (twitching) of voluntary muscles in the body. [1] The twitching can occur in any voluntary muscle group but is most common in the eyelids, arms, hands, fingers, legs, and feet.
Burning feet syndrome can be inherited, or it can be caused by pressure being put on the nerves. [1] Links also exist between this syndrome and diseases such as hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis; links are also believed to exist between this syndrome and Zinc deficiency.
Akathisia (IPA: /æ.kə.ˈθɪ.si.ə/) is a movement disorder [5] characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness accompanied by mental distress and/or an inability to sit still.
This creates normal joint stability. If muscular control does not compensate for ligamentous laxity, joint instability may result. The trait is almost certainly hereditary , and is usually something the affected person would just be aware of, rather than a serious medical condition.