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Ottoman Iraq (Arabic: العراق العثماني) refers to the period of the history of Iraq when the region was ruled by the Ottoman Empire (1534–1920; with an interlude from 1704 to 1831 From Independence under the Mamluk state of Iraq). Before reforms (1534–1704), Iraq was divided into four Eyalets (provinces): Baghdad Eyalet ...
Despite the Ottoman Empire's eventual short-term success in breaking the power of the Khaza'il in the mid-19th century, the successive rebellions and persistent resistance of the Khaza'il over four centuries is credited by scholars as the primary cause in the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire in Iraq and the wider region. [76]
Iraq, a country located in West Asia, largely coincides with the ancient region of Mesopotamia, often referred to as the cradle of civilization.The history of Mesopotamia extends back to the Lower Paleolithic period, with significant developments continuing through the establishment of the Caliphate in the late 7th century AD, after which the region became known as Iraq.
The Ottoman Empire had long been the "sick man of Europe" and after a series of Balkan wars by 1914 had been driven out of nearly all of Europe and North Africa. It still controlled 28 million people, of whom 17 million were in modern-day Turkey, 3 million in Syria, Lebanon, and 2.5 million in Iraq.
According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the Kayı tribe of the Oghuz Turks. [2] The eponymous Ottoman dynasty he founded endured for six centuries through the reigns of 36 sultans. The Ottoman Empire disappeared as a result of the defeat of the Central Powers, with whom it had allied itself during World ...
A detailed map showing the Ottoman Empire and its dependencies, including its administrative divisions (vilayets, sanjaks, kazas), in 1899. The Turkish word for governor-general is Beylerbey, meaning 'lord of lords'. In times of war, they would assemble under his standard and fight as a unit in the sultan's army.
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King Faisal I of Iraq and King Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia. In 1932, the British mandate ended and Faisal was instrumental in making his country independent. On 3 October, the Kingdom of Iraq joined the League of Nations. In August 1933, incidents like the Simele massacre caused tension between the United Kingdom and Iraq.