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A Venn diagram, also called a set diagram or logic diagram, shows all possible logical relations between a finite collection of different sets. These diagrams depict elements as points in the plane, and sets as regions inside closed curves. A Venn diagram consists of multiple overlapping closed curves, usually circles, each representing a set.
Composite of two pages from Venn (1881a), pp. 115–116 showing his example of how to convert a syllogism of three parts into his type of diagram; Venn calls the circles "Eulerian circles" [10] But nevertheless, he contended, "the inapplicability of this scheme for the purposes of a really general logic" [ 9 ] (p 100) and then noted that,
A Venn diagram is a representation of mathematical sets: a mathematical diagram representing sets as circles, with their relationships to each other expressed through their overlapping positions, so that all possible relationships between the sets are shown. [4]
The two circles of the vesica piscis, or three circles forming in pairs three vesicae, are commonly used in Venn diagrams. Arcs of the same three circles can also be used to form the triquetra symbol, and the Reuleaux triangle. [3]
Inclusion–exclusion illustrated by a Venn diagram for three sets. Generalizing the results of these examples gives the principle of inclusion–exclusion. To find the cardinality of the union of n sets: Include the cardinalities of the sets. Exclude the cardinalities of the pairwise intersections.
De Morgan's laws represented with Venn diagrams.In each case, the resultant set is the set of all points in any shade of blue. In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, [1] [2] [3] also known as De Morgan's theorem, [4] are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference.
The portrait of the woman “literally emerged before our eyes … piece-by-piece,” because of the mosaic-like way an infrared camera scans an image, Barnaby Wright, deputy head of the Courtauld ...
Euler circle may refer to: Nine-point circle, a circle that can be constructed for any given triangle; Euler diagram, a diagrammatic means of representing propositions and their relationships; Venn diagram, a diagram type originally also called Euler circle