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Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis. Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair. The process of melanin synthesis (melanogenesis ...
The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3] Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units , each with hair follicle , sebaceous gland , and associated arrector pili muscle. [ 4 ]
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation) following an inflammatory injury, such as acne, dermatitis, infectious disease, or trauma. Less frequently, it may occur as a complication of a medical procedure performed on the skin. It is a common cause of skin ...
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines ( NSML) which is part of a group called Ras / MAPK pathway syndromes, [2] is a rare autosomal dominant, [3] multisystem disease caused by a mutation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 gene ( PTPN11 ). The disease is a complex of features, mostly involving the skin, skeletal and ...
Dermatology. Causes. Malassezia globosa, Malassezia furfur. Tinea versicolor (also pityriasis versicolor) is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities. [ 1] The majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia globosa, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases ...
Xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. [ 1] Symptoms may include a severe sunburn after only a few minutes in the sun, freckling in sun-exposed areas, dry skin and changes in skin pigmentation. [ 1]
The skin weighs an average of 4 kg (8.8 lb), covers an area of about 2 m 2 (22 sq ft), and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are glabrous skin, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [16]
Liver spot. Liver spots (also known as age spot, solar lentigo, [ 1] " lentigo senilis ", [ 1]: 686 " old age spot ", [ 2] " senile freckle ") [ 2] are blemishes on the skin associated with aging [ 3] and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. [ 4] They range in color from light brown [ 5] to red or black and are located in areas most ...
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