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Heart failure is caused by any condition that reduces the efficiency of the heart muscle, through damage or overloading. Over time, these increases in workload, which are mediated by long-term activation of neurohormonal systems such as the renin–angiotensin system and the sympathoadrenal system, lead to fibrosis , dilation, and structural ...
Ventricular remodeling. In cardiology, ventricular remodeling (or cardiac remodeling) [ 1] refers to changes in the size, shape, structure, and function of the heart. This can happen as a result of exercise (physiological remodeling) or after injury to the heart muscle (pathological remodeling). [ 2] The injury is typically due to acute ...
Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury ( IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue ( re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia ). The absence of oxygen and nutrients from blood during the ischemic period creates a condition in ...
Testicular atrophy. Testicular atrophy is a medical condition in which one or both testicles (or "testes") diminish in size and may be accompanied by reduced testicular function. Testicular atrophy is not related to the temporary shrinkage of the surrounding scrotum, which might occur in response to cold temperature.
Cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart dysfunction as electric or muscle damage, resulting in heart toxicity. [ 1] This can cause heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy in patients. [ 2] Some effects are reversible, while in others, permanent damage requiring further treatment may arise.
Cardiomyopathy is a group of primary diseases of the heart muscle. [ 1] Early on there may be few or no symptoms. [ 1] As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. [ 1] An irregular heart beat and fainting may occur. [ 1]
If this happens, the patient can have symptoms and/or complications, including an increased risk of heart failure, fainting, developing an irregular heartbeat, as well as up to a 0.7% risk of ...
Cardiac physiology. Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.