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The word cardioplegia combines the Greek cardio meaning the "heart", and plegia "paralysis". [ 1] Technically, this means arresting or stopping the heart so that surgical procedures can be done in a still and bloodless field. Most commonly, however, the word cardioplegia refers to the solution used to bring about asystole of the heart, or heart ...
Ventricular remodeling. In cardiology, ventricular remodeling (or cardiac remodeling) [ 1] refers to changes in the size, shape, structure, and function of the heart. This can happen as a result of exercise (physiological remodeling) or after injury to the heart muscle (pathological remodeling). [ 2] The injury is typically due to acute ...
Heart failure is caused by any condition that reduces the efficiency of the heart muscle, through damage or overloading. Over time, these increases in workload, which are mediated by long-term activation of neurohormonal systems such as the renin–angiotensin system and the sympathoadrenal system, lead to fibrosis , dilation, and structural ...
Cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart dysfunction as electric or muscle damage, resulting in heart toxicity. [ 1] This can cause heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy in patients. [ 2] Some effects are reversible, while in others, permanent damage requiring further treatment may arise.
Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury ( IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue ( re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia ). The absence of oxygen and nutrients from blood during the ischemic period creates a condition in ...
Cardiomyopathy is a group of primary diseases of the heart muscle. [ 1] Early on there may be few or no symptoms. [ 1] As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. [ 1] An irregular heart beat and fainting may occur. [ 1]
Positive Bowditch effect causes an increase in cardiac output due to the increased force of contraction of heart muscles. [7]This phenomenon is usually absent or even reversed (negative Bowditch effect) in heart failure and other diseases of heart, such as cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease.
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a disease where prolonged tachycardia (a fast heart rate) or arrhythmia (an irregular heart rhythm) causes an impairment of the myocardium (heart muscle), which can result in heart failure. [ 1][ 5] People with TIC may have symptoms associated with heart failure (e.g. shortness of breath or ankle ...