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Tinbergen's four questions, named after 20th century biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, are complementary categories of explanations for animal behaviour. These are also commonly referred to as levels of analysis. [ 1] It suggests that an integrative understanding of behaviour must include ultimate ( evolutionary) explanations, in particular ...
In biology, cell signaling ( cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes . Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, the receptor, and the ...
v. t. e. Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, [ 1] biopsychology, or psychobiology, [ 2] is the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals. [ 3]
Evolutionary psychology has traditionally focused on individual-level behaviors, determined by species-typical psychological adaptations. Considerable work, though, has been done on how these adaptations shape and, ultimately govern, culture (Tooby and Cosmides, 1989). [1] Tooby and Cosmides (1989) argued that the mind consists of many domain ...
Cognitive biology. Cognitive biology is an emerging science that regards natural cognition as a biological function. [ 1] It is based on the theoretical assumption that every organism —whether a single cell or multicellular —is continually engaged in systematic acts of cognition coupled with intentional behaviors, i.e., a sensory-motor ...
Genetics of social behavior. The genetics of social behavior is an area of research that attempts to address the question of the role that genes play in modulating the neural circuits in the brain which influence social behavior. Model genetic species, such as D.melanogaster (common fruit fly) and Apis mellifera (honey bee), have been ...
Exocytosis ( / ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs / [ 1][ 2]) is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell ( exo- + cytosis ). As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport material. Exocytosis and its counterpart ...
Psychophysiology. Psychophysiology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, "breath, life, soul"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes. [ 1] While psychophysiology was a general broad field of research in the 1960s and 1970s ...