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  2. Monty Hall problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem

    The game host then opens one of the other doors, say 3, to reveal a goat and offers to let the player switch from door 1 to door 2. The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal and named after its original host, Monty Hall.

  3. Basel problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_problem

    The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [ 1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [ 2] Since the problem had withstood the attacks ...

  4. Equation solving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_solving

    Solving an equation symbolically means that expressions can be used for representing the solutions. For example, the equation x + y = 2x – 1 is solved for the unknown x by the expression x = y + 1, because substituting y + 1 for x in the equation results in (y + 1) + y = 2 (y + 1) – 1, a true statement. It is also possible to take the ...

  5. Mathematics of Sudoku - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_Sudoku

    To simplify the calculation the elements of the rearrangement group are sorted into conjugacy classes, whose elements all have the same number of fixed points. It turns out only 27 of the 275 conjugacy classes of the rearrangement group have fixed points; [ 14 ] these conjugacy classes represent the different types of symmetry (self-similarity ...

  6. Molar concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration

    A typical protein in bacteria, such as E. coli, may have about 60 copies, and the volume of a bacterium is about 10 −15 L. Thus, the number concentration C is C = 60 / (10 −15 L) = 6 × 10 16 L −1. The molar concentration is c = ⁠ C / N A ⁠ = ⁠ 6 × 10 16 L −1 / 6 × 10 23 mol −1 ⁠ = 10 −7 mol/L = 100 nmol/L.

  7. System of linear equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_linear_equations

    The intersection point is the solution. In mathematics, a system of linear equations (or linear system) is a collection of two or more linear equations involving the same variables. [ 1] [ 2] For example, is a system of three equations in the three variables x, y, z. A solution to a linear system is an assignment of values to the variables such ...

  8. Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiles's_proof_of_Fermat's...

    That would mean there is at least one non-zero solution (a, b, c, n) (with all numbers rational and n > 2 and prime) to a n + b n = c n. 2 Ribet's theorem (using Frey and Serre's work) shows that using the solution (a, b, c, n), we can create a semistable elliptic Frey curve (which we will call E) which is never modular.

  9. Sieve of Eratosthenes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes

    In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. It does so by iteratively marking as composite (i.e., not prime) the multiples of each prime, starting with the first prime number, 2. The multiples of a given prime are generated as a sequence of numbers starting from that ...