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Pioneer sold the shares in 1998. Pioneer becomes the number one brand of soybeans in North America. 1992 - Pioneer paid $450,000 to Monsanto for rights to genetically modified soybean seeds that are resistant to RoundUp herbicide. 1993 - Pioneer paid $38 million to Monsanto for rights to Bt corn that is resistant to European corn borers.
Since different GMOs may produce the same protein, construct-specific detection can test a sample for several GMOs in one step, but is unable to tell precisely which of the similar GMOs are present. Especially in the USA, protein-based detection is used for the construct-specific approach.
A genetically modified soybean is a soybean (Glycine max) that has had DNA introduced into it using genetic engineering techniques. [1]: 5 In 1996, the first genetically modified soybean was introduced to the U.S. by Monsanto. In 2014, 90.7 million hectares of GM soybeans were planted worldwide, making up 82% of the total soybeans cultivation area.
In the US, by 2014, 94% of the planted area of soybeans, 96% of cotton and 93% of corn were genetically modified varieties. [235] [236] [237] Genetically modified soybeans carried herbicide-tolerant traits only, but maize and cotton carried both herbicide tolerance and insect protection traits (the latter largely Bt protein). [238]
The Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI) is a means of comparing the solubility of a protein in water, and is widely used in the soybean product industry.. A sample of the soybeans are ground, mixed with a specific quantity of water, and the two are then blended together at a specific rpm for a specific time.
The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) is an independent, non-profit organization founded during the 4th International Seed Testing Congress in 1924. Its members work to promote uniform methods of evaluating seeds being sold internationally to facilitate the international trading of seeds and to contribute to global food security.
The dissemination of soybean crop technology and capacity building, as well as trainings at the national and international level. [8] [9] Improve soybean production and quality by conducting research and providing access to information, knowledge (including the preservation of soybeans against pests and insects) and genetic material. [10]
When the soybean cyst nematode is a J2 it may then enter the root of the plant, usually just behind the root tip. [9] Once the SCNs have gained entry into the root, they can create specialized feeding cells called syncytia by penetrating the pericycle, endodermis , or cortex cell with their stylet in order to take in nutrients from the plant. [ 9 ]