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The CLF is the cooling load at a given time compared to the heat gain from earlier in the day. [1] [5] The SC, or shading coefficient, is used widely in the evaluation of heat gain through glass and windows. [1] [5] Finally, the SCL, or solar cooling load factor, accounts for the variables associated with solar heat load.
An attic fan installed underneath a roof. A powered attic ventilator, or attic fan, is a ventilation fan that regulates the heat level of a building's attic by exhausting hot air. A thermostat is used to automatically turn the fan off and on, while sometimes a manual switch is used. An attic fan can be gable mounted or roof mounted. Additional ...
Combustion (in a fireplace, gas heater, candle, oil lamp, etc.) consumes oxygen while producing carbon dioxide and other unhealthy gases and smoke, requiring ventilation air. An open chimney promotes infiltration (i.e. natural ventilation) because of the negative pressure change induced by the buoyant , warmer air leaving through the chimney.
Cooling load profiles for UFAD systems and overhead systems are different, [12] mainly due to the thermal storage effect of the lighter-weight raised floor panels compared to the heavier mass of a structural floor slab. The mere presence of the raised floor reduces the ability of the slab to store heat, thereby producing for the system with a ...
Table lamp fixtures, standard lamp fixtures, and office task light luminaires. Balanced-arm lamp is a spot light with an adjustable arm such as anglepoise, RAMUN or Luxo L1. Gooseneck (fixture) Nightlight; Floor Lamp Torch lamp or torchières are floor lamps with an upward-facing shade. They provide general lighting to the rest of the room.
One common code requirement is that the total area of attic vents be equal to or greater than 1/150 of the floor area of the attic, with 50 percent or more of the vent area located in the upper portion of the attic. Vents and louvers should face away from prevailing winds to keep out driven rain. Soffit vents under the eaves normally provide ...
In the U.S., every plumbing fixture must also be coupled to the system's vent piping. [1] Without a vent, negative pressure can slow the flow of water leaving the system, resulting in clogs, or cause siphonage to empty a trap. The high point of the vent system (the top of its "soil stack") must be open to the exterior at atmospheric pressure.
The cavity between the two skins may be either naturally or mechanically ventilated. In cool climates the solar gain within the cavity may be circulated to the occupied space to offset heating requirements, while in hot climates the cavity may be vented out of the building to mitigate solar gain and decrease the cooling load. In each case the ...