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The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Russian: Конституция Российской Федерации, romanized: Konstitucija Rossijskoj Federacii) was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993 and enacted on 25 December 1993.
[50] [51] As a Constitutional Assembly of Russia was not convened, the Constitution was adopted after it was voted by Parliament and by the subjects of the Federation. Following these steps, the amendments had to enter into force under Article 135 of the Constitution.
Adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993 with 54.5% of the vote, the Constitution took effect on the day it was published – 25 December of the same year. It set out the fundamentals of government as well as proclaiming the rule of law, the ideological neutrality of the state, political pluralism, competitive elections and a separation of power, guaranteeing fundamental human rights ...
The Constitution of the Russian Federation was accepted on the national vote on 12 December 1993 and consists of nine chapters. The order of revision of Chapters 1, 2 and 9 is prescribed in Article 135 of the Constitution and requires the convening of the Constitutional Assembly for the adoption of the new Constitution.
Since 1992, President Boris Yeltsin had been arguing that the 1978 constitution was obsolete and needed replacing. [3] He called for a new constitution which would grant more powers to the President. [3] However, two competing drafts of a new constitution were drawn up by the government and the Congress of People's Deputies. [3]
Nevertheless, the referendum marked the end of the constitutional period defined by the constitution adopted by the Russian SFSR in 1978, which was amended many times while Russia was a part of Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. Although Russia would emerge as a dual presidential–parliamentary system in theory, substantial power would rest in ...
The Russian Constitution of 1918 was adopted by the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets. The legislative power was transferred from the Sovnarkom to the Central Executive Committee, which also received the power to pass constitutional amendments. 17 July: Nicholas and the rest of the royal family were executed. 30 August
Russian Constitution of 1906; 1918 Constitution of Soviet Russia; Russian Constitution of 1978; Constitution of Russia; D. Decree on the system of government of ...