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The Masoretes (Hebrew: בַּעֲלֵי הַמָּסוֹרָה, romanized: Baʿălēy Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Masters of the Tradition') were groups of Jewish scribe-scholars who worked from around the end of the 5th through 10th centuries CE, [1] [2] based primarily in the Jewish centers of the Levant (e.g., Tiberias and Jerusalem) and Mesopotamia (e.g., Sura and Nehardea). [3]
These are found in Matthew 23 verses 13–16, 23, 25, 27 and 29. Only six are given in Luke, whose version is thus known as the six woes: three are directed to the Pharisees and three to the scribes. [2] The woes mostly criticise the Pharisees for hypocrisy and perjury. They illustrate the differences between inner and outer moral states. [1]
The Pharisees (/ ˈ f ær ə s iː z /; Hebrew: פְּרוּשִׁים, romanized: Pərūšīm, lit. 'separated ones') were a Jewish social movement and school of thought in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism.
Matthew 23 is the twenty-third chapter in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament section of the Christian Bible, and consists almost entirely of the accusations of Jesus against the Pharisees. The chapter is also known as the Woes of the Pharisees or the "Seven Woes". In this chapter, Jesus accuses the Pharisees of hypocrisy.
Following earlier references to the Pharisees' objections to Jesus' teaching (see Matthew 12:22-32), further opposition is now put forward by a coalition of Pharisees and Sadducees, whose theological views and policies were markedly different from each other, but who were forced to co-operate as members of Sanhedrin, the Jewish supreme court. [8]
Most of them were Pharisees, though not all, and not all Pharisees were scribes, though many were. In Catholic Answers, Mark Brumley interprets this passage thus: Jesus is "contrasting the external righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees with the interior righteousness that proceeds from the heart and which is to characterize his followers.
In verse 3 the emphasis seems to be the word "your." These traditions were not instituted by God, or by the ancient Patriarchs and Prophets, rather they were only invented in Jesus' time by the Scribes and Pharisees. Honour in this place, as often in Scripture, seems to signify not only reverence, but help, almsgiving, sustentation.
The Jewish scribes were said to be proud of their knowledge of the law, while the Pharisees were proud of their sanctity. Those from Jerusalem were reputed as being the most learned of all. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Theologian Johann Bengel makes the point that these events could not have taken place at the time of the Passover , [ 3 ] when the Pharisees and ...