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Lenalidomide, sold under the brand name Revlimid among others, is a medication used to treat multiple myeloma, smoldering myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). [8] For multiple myeloma, it is a first line treatment, and is given with dexamethasone . [ 8 ]
In December 2005, Celgene received approval from the FDA to market Revlimid for the treatment of patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to Low- or Intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities. Focalin XR was later launched by Celgene and Novartis in 2005.
Routes of administration are usually classified by application location (or exposition). The route or course the active substance takes from application location to the location where it has its target effect is usually rather a matter of pharmacokinetics (concerning the processes of uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs).
The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5). [15] [16] Its IUPAC name is 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione and it has one chiral center [15] After thalidomide's selective inhibition of TNF-α had been reported, a renewed effort was put in thalidomide's clinical development.
Medication administered via intramuscular injection is not subject to the first-pass metabolism effect which affects oral medications. Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid muscle of the upper arm and the gluteal muscle of the buttock. In infants, the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh is commonly used. The injection ...
Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ ˈ b ʌ k əl /) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.
This often includes patients near the end of life (an estimated 1.65 million people are in hospice care in the US each year). [4] Because using the rectal route enables a rapid, safe, and lower cost alternative to administration of medications, [ 5 ] it may also facilitate the care of patients in long-term care or palliative care , or as an ...
Bubble chart of wars with over 1.5 million deaths. [246] Combatant deaths in conventional wars, 1800-2011. [247] Seven deadliest wars after 1900. The length of each spiral segment is proportional to the war's duration and its area size to its death toll.