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Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol version 3 is an IETF standard related to L2TP that can be used as an alternative protocol to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) for encapsulation of multiprotocol Layer 2 communications traffic over IP networks. [1]
The process of setting up an L2TP/IPsec VPN is as follows: Negotiation of IPsec security association (SA), typically through Internet key exchange (IKE). This is carried out over UDP port 500, and commonly uses either a shared password (so-called "pre-shared keys"), public keys, or X.509 certificates on both ends, although other keying methods ...
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a way to provide Ethernet-based multipoint to multipoint communication over IP or MPLS networks. It allows geographically dispersed sites to share an Ethernet broadcast domain by connecting sites through pseudowires.
Locus Address Resolution Protocol: 0x5C 92 MTP Multicast Transport Protocol: 0x5D 93 AX.25 AX.25: 0x5E 94 OS KA9Q NOS compatible IP over IP tunneling: 0x5F 95 MICP Mobile Internetworking Control Protocol: 0x60 96 SCC-SP Semaphore Communications Sec. Pro 0x61 97 ETHERIP Ethernet-within-IP Encapsulation RFC 3378: 0x62 98 ENCAP Encapsulation ...
A customer can use OSPF over a MPLS VPN, where the service provider uses BGP or RIP as their interior gateway protocol. [8] When using OSPF over MPLS VPN, the VPN backbone becomes part of the OSPF backbone area 0. In all areas, isolated copies of the IGP are run. Advantages: The MPLS VPN is transparent to the customer's OSPF standard routing.
n2n is an open source Layer 2 over Layer 3 VPN app utilising peer-to-peer architecture for network membership and routing. Unlike many other VPN programs, n2n can also connect computers which reside behind NAT routers. These connections are set up with help from a third computer that both computers can reach.
Like other public VPN services, TunnelBear has the ability to bypass content blocking in most countries. [11] All TunnelBear clients use AES-256 encryption with the exception of the client for iOS 8 and earlier, which uses AES-128. [12] When connected, the user's actual IP address will not be visible to the websites visited. [13]
L2F, or Layer 2 Forwarding, is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco Systems, Inc. to establish virtual private network connections over the Internet. L2F does not provide encryption or confidentiality by itself; It relies on the protocol being tunneled to provide privacy.