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[9] [10] [11] This type of reproduction has been induced artificially in a number of animal species that naturally reproduce through sex, including fish, amphibians, and mice. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Some species reproduce exclusively by parthenogenesis (such as the bdelloid rotifers ), while others can switch between sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis.
Many eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals, and fungi can also reproduce asexually. [1] In vertebrates , the most common form of asexual reproduction is parthenogenesis , which is typically used as an alternative to sexual reproduction in times when reproductive opportunities are limited.
The Komodo dragon, which normally reproduces sexually, has also been found able to reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis. [54] A case has been documented of a Komodo dragon reproducing via sexual reproduction after a known parthenogenetic event, [ 55 ] highlighting that these cases of parthenogenesis are reproductive accidents, rather than ...
A type of asexual reproduction whereby viable seed s or spore s are produced asexually, without fertilization, such that the genetic material they contain is a clone of the parent's genetic material. A plant produced in this way is called an apomict. apomorphy
Facultative thelytoky refers to an individual being capable of reproducing sexually or asexually depending on environmental conditions. For example, smalltooth sawfish in Florida populations can be facultatively thelytokous, meaning that they will reproduce sexually when conditions are favorable, but switch to thelytoky when resources and mates become scarce.
Even among fungi that reproduce both sexually and asexually, often only one method of reproduction can be observed at a specific point in time or under specific conditions. Additionally, fungi typically grow in mixed colonies and sporulate amongst each other. These facts have made it very difficult to link the various states of the same fungus.
Some monocots can reproduce asexually without the need for seeds. Clonal propagation is the production or division of vegetative structures which develop into new individuals that are genetically identical to their progenitor. These vegetative structures can also form enlarged tubers that function as food storage.
Facultative apomixis means that apomixis does not always occur, i.e., sexual reproduction can also happen. It appears likely that all apomixis in plants is facultative; [4] [5] in other words, that "obligate apomixis" is an artifact of insufficient observation (missing uncommon sexual reproduction).