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Vitamin B 3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: nicotinic acid (niacin), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] All three forms of vitamin B 3 are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
The B 12 vitamin is not abundantly available from plant products [4] (although it has been found in moderate abundance in fermented vegetable products, certain seaweeds, and in certain mushrooms, with the bioavailability of the vitamin in these cases remaining uncertain), [5] making B 12 deficiency a legitimate concern for those maintaining a ...
Vitamin B complex. Vitamin B 1 (thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (niacin) Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 group: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate; Pyridoxamine; Vitamin B 7 (biotin) Vitamin B 9 (folate) Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) Choline; Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic ...
The original shift reagent was Eu(DPM) 3, [2] [3] also called Eu(thd) 3. [4] Its structure is similar to EuFOD, but with tert -butyl groups in place of heptafluoropropyl substituents. That is, DPM − is the conjugate base derived from dipivaloylmethane, also known as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione.
Common, most foods do not contain vitamin D, indicating that a deficiency will occur unless people get sunlight exposure or eat manufactured foods purposely fortified with vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is a known cause of rickets, and has been linked to numerous other health problems.
Many multivitamin formulas contain vitamin C, B 1, B 2, B 3, B 5, B 6, B 7, B 9, B 12, A, E, D 2 (or D 3), K, potassium, iodine, selenium, borate, zinc, calcium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, beta carotene, and/or iron. Multivitamins are typically available in a variety of formulas based on age and sex, or (as in prenatal vitamins) based on ...
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. [3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and ...
Folate, also known as vitamin B 9 and folacin, [6] is one of the B vitamins. [3] Manufactured folic acid , which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and storage. [ 7 ]