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A black hat is often referred to as a "cracker". [1] The term originates from 1950s westerns, with "bad guys" (criminals) typically depicted as having worn black hats and "good guys" (heroes) wearing white ones. In the same way, black hat hacking is contrasted with the more ethical white hat approach to hacking.
The white hat is contrasted with the black hat, a malicious hacker; this definitional dichotomy comes from Western films, where heroic and antagonistic cowboys might traditionally wear a white and a black hat, respectively. [6] There is a third kind of hacker known as a grey hat who hacks with good intentions but at times without permission. [7]
TeslaTeam is a group of black-hat computer hackers from Serbia established in 2010. TESO was a hacker group originating in Austria that was active primarily from 1998 to 2004. The Unknowns is a group of white-hat hackers that exploited many high-profiled websites and became very active in 2012 when the group was founded and disbanded.
Whether they are malicious or ethical, hackers play a large role in cybersecurity. Within that industry, hackers tend to be grouped under three main categories: the white hat, grey hat, and black hat. [citation needed] White hat hackers are also known as ethical hackers or penetration testers. They work within the boundaries of the law.
A grey hat hacker lies between a black hat and a white hat hacker, hacking for ideological reasons. [20] A grey hat hacker may surf the Internet and hack into a computer system for the sole purpose of notifying the administrator that their system has a security defect, for example. They may then offer to correct the defect for a fee. [19]
Hacker Adrian Lamo (left) with Kevin Mitnick and Kevin Poulsen Mark Abene, who was convicted of computer charges. In the infancy of the hacker subculture and the computer underground, [3] criminal convictions were rare because there was an informal code of ethics that was followed by white hat hackers. [4]
The newspaper describes white hat activities as part of a "mischievous but perversely positive 'hacker' tradition". When a National CSS employee revealed the existence of his password cracker , which he had used on customer accounts, the company chastised him not for writing the software but for not disclosing it sooner.
Black hat or Cracker Hackers with malicious intentions. They often steal, exploit, and sell data, and are usually motivated by personal gain. Their work is usually illegal. A cracker is like a black hat hacker, [16] but is specifically someone who is very skilled and tries via hacking to make profits or to benefit, not just to vandalize ...