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A placental infarction results from the interruption of blood supply to a part of the placenta, causing its cells to die. Small placental infarcts, especially at the edge of the placental disc, are considered to be normal at term .
A placental disease is any disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia.
Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen.It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord, placental infarction, maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes) [1] and maternal smoking.
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
Placental disorders associated with perinatal stroke range from anatomical (site or degree of implantation) such as placenta previa [27] to placenta-maternal effects (fetal erythroblastosis). [ 28 ] Infections like chorioamnionitis cause an infection in the maternal blood, commonly leading to premature birth and the newborn experiencing brain ...
Massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD, or MFD) refers to excessive deposition of fibrous tissue around the chorionic villi of the placenta.It causes reduced growth of the foetus, and leads to miscarriage in nearly 1 in 3 pregnancies affected.
In the third trimester, syncytial knots (nucleated clusters formed in the syncytiotrophoblast) break off [4] and are shed from the foetal placental villi. The shedding can strip the villous stroma. The barrier could breakdown either by upstream foetal thrombosis or ischemic damage from maternal infarction.
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