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In jazz, the term altered chord, notated generally as a root, followed by 7alt (e.g. G 7alt), refers to a dominant chord that fits entirely into the altered scale of the root. This means that the chord has the root, major third, minor seventh, and one or more altered tones, but does not have the natural fifth, ninth, eleventh, or thirteenth.
In jazz, the altered scale, altered dominant scale, or super-Locrian scale (Locrian ♭ 4 scale) is a seven-note scale that is a dominant scale where all non-essential tones have been altered. This means that it comprises the three irreducibly essential tones that define a dominant seventh chord , which are root, major third, and minor seventh ...
In contrast, in the chord-scale system, a different scale is used for each chord in the progression (for example mixolydian scales on A, E, and D for chords A 7, E 7, and D 7, respectively). [5] Improvisation approaches may be mixed, such as using "the blues approach" for a section of a progression and using the chord-scale system for the rest. [6]
If the original chord in a song is G7 (G, B, D, F), the tritone substitution would be D ♭ 7 (D ♭, F, A ♭, C ♭). Note that the 3rd and 7th notes of the G7 chord are found in the D ♭ 7 chord (albeit with a change of role). The tritone substitution is widely used for V7 chords in the popular jazz chord progression "ii-V-I".
The diminished seventh chord occurs as a leading-tone seventh chord in the harmonic minor scale. It typically has dominant function and contains two diminished fifths, which often resolve inwards. [2] The chord notation for the diminished seventh chord (assuming root C) is Cdim 7 or C o 7 (or Cm 6 ♭ 5 for the enharmonic variant).
In music theory, the dominant seventh flat five chord is a seventh chord composed of a root note, together with a major third, a diminished fifth, and a minor seventh above the root (1, ♮ 3, ♭ 5 and ♭ 7). For example, the dominant seventh flat five chord built on G, commonly written as G 7 ♭ 5, is composed of the pitches G–B–D ♭ –F:
In this case, the chord is viewed as a C major seventh chord (CM 7) in which the third note is an augmented fifth from root (G ♯), rather than a perfect fifth from root (G). All chord names and symbols including altered fifths, i.e., augmented (♯ 5, +5, aug5) or diminished (♭ 5, o 5, dim5) fifths can be interpreted in a similar way.
A tritone substitution is the substitution of one dominant seventh chord (possibly altered or extended) with another that is three whole steps (a tritone) from the original chord. In other words, tritone substitution involves replacing V 7 with ♭ II 7 [ 7 ] (which could also be called ♭ V 7 /V, subV 7 , [ 7 ] or V 7 / ♭ V [ 7 ] ).
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