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The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. [8] Like the encomienda, the new repartimiento did not include the attribution of land to anyone, rather only the allotment of native workers. But they were directly allotted to the Crown, who, through a ...
The introduction and corruption of the encomienda system is now considered to have been an alternative for outright slavery and a Castilian institution that did not work properly in America. The encomienda was a system that interchanged a person's work for military protection by a higher authority. It had been part of the Castilian legal system ...
In South America Simon Bolivar abolished slavery in the lands that he liberated. However, it was not a unified process. Some countries, including Peru and Ecuador, reintroduced slavery for some time after achieving independence. The Assembly of Year XIII (1813) of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared the freedom of wombs. It ...
With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting of unethical behavior. The Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered subjects of the Crown, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class, with the shift away ...
Eventually, the encomienda system was replaced by the repartimiento system which was not abolished until the late 18th century. [ 85 ] In the Caribbean, deposits of gold were quickly exhausted and the precipitous drop in the indigenous population meant a severe labor shortage.
Independence, however, did initiate the abolition of slavery in Spanish America, as it was seen as part of the independence struggle, since many slaves had gained their manumission by joining the patriot armies. In areas where slavery was not a major source of labor (Mexico, Central America, Chile), emancipation occurred almost immediately ...
The labor system of Encomienda was also abolished in 1550. [3] However these laws did not end the practice of slavery or forced labor immediately and a new system began to be used repartimiento and mita in Peru. Eventually this system too was abolished due to abuses. [3]
Cerro Rico in the town of Potosí was the most important source of silver in South America, and in all of Spanish America until Guanajuato in Mexico surpassed it in the 18th century. [28] In the Viceroyalty of Peru, the repartimiento system was particularly harsh. [41] The colonial government repurposed the Inca mit'a system under their own ...