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UTQG ratings on sidewall of Toyo Tires Proxes R39 tire UTQG ratings (top) and tire code (bottom) on sidewall of Continental ContiProContact tire. Uniform Tire Quality Grading, commonly abbreviated as UTQG, is a set of standards for passenger car tires that measures a tire's treadwear, temperature resistance and traction.
Results of at least three runs of each test are combined to produce the wet grip index, yielding ratings of A - G (although D and G are not used for passenger cars), where A is the best. When buying tyres, it is worth noting that the braking distance (in the wet) from the reference speed of 85 km/h, to a standstill, varies by something of the ...
Titan Tire Corporation [79] USA: 1993 Goodyear (farm tires), Titan, Continental (OTR only) [80] Tigar Tyres Serbia: 1959 Tigar: Tomket Tires [81] [non-primary source needed] Czech Republic: 1997 Tomket (Czech brand of low category is made in China) Toyo Tire & Rubber [82] Japan: 1945 Nitto, Silverstone, Toyo: Trayal Corporation Serbia: 1955 ...
Tire uniformity refers to the dynamic mechanical properties of pneumatic tires as strictly defined by a set of measurement standards and test conditions accepted by global tire and car makers. These standards include the parameters of radial force variation , lateral force variation , conicity, ply steer, radial run-out , lateral run-out , and ...
Starting in 1972 tires were specified by load rating, using a letter code. In practice, a higher load rating tire was also a wider tire. In this system a tire had a letter, optionally followed by "R" for radial tires, followed by the aspect ratio, a dash and the diameter – C78-15 or CR78-15 for bias and radial, respectively. Each diameter of ...
Tire load sensitivity describes the behaviour of tires under load. Conventional pneumatic tires do not behave as classical friction theory would suggest. The load sensitivity of most real tires in their typical operating range is such that the coefficient of friction decreases as the vertical load, Fz, increases.
7.62×25mm Tokarev (Pistol) Copper-jacketed bullet of 5.6 g (0.20 oz) mass at 445±10 m/s, as shot from a type 54 pistol. GA 3 7.62×25mm Tokarev (SMG) Same bullet as above, but with a velocity of 515±10 m/s, as shot from a type 79 submachine gun. GA 4 7.62×25mm Tokarev AP (SMG)
The Pacejka tire models are widely used in professional vehicle dynamics simulations, and racing car games, as they are reasonably accurate, easy to program, and solve quickly. A problem with Pacejka's model is that when implemented into computer code, it doesn't work for low speeds (from around the pit-entry speed), because a velocity term in ...