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The history of the Republic of China began in 1912 with the end of the Qing dynasty, when the Xinhai Revolution and the formation of the Republic of China put an end to 2,000 years of imperial rule. The Republic experienced many trials and tribulations after its founding which included being dominated by elements as disparate as warlord ...
The Republic of China's first president, Sun Yat-sen, chose Zhōnghuá Mínguó (中華民國; 'Chinese People's State') as the country's official Chinese name.The name was derived from the language of the Tongmenghui's 1905 party manifesto, which proclaimed that the four goals of the Chinese revolution were "to expel the Manchu rulers, revive China (), establish a people's state (mínguó ...
The first Chairman of the People's Republic of China. Also served as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. 2 Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇 (1898–1969) Beijing At-large: 27 April 1959 21 December 1964 II: Soong Ching-ling & Dong Biwu (co-serving) Mao Zedong: 21 December 1964 31 October 1968 III
The CCP was left in control of mainland China. On 1 October 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China. [94] "Communist China" and "Red China" were two common names for the PRC. [95] The PRC was shaped by a series of campaigns and five-year plans.
This triggered debates inside China on whether the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek, the administration with the strongest claim to national leadership at the time, should declare war on Japan. [150] Chiang, despite popular disapproval, wanted to continue to focus on wiping out the Chinese Communist Party before moving on to Japan.
Before the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s, the primary foreign policy of the People's Republic of China was to obtain diplomatic recognition in the face of strong American opposition. [31] The Bandung Conference in 1955, at which Premier Zhou Enlai led the Chinese delegation, was an important milestone for China's foreign relations.
The American Garden at the Thirteen Factories in Canton, 1844–45. According to John Pomfret: To America's founders, China was a source of inspiration. They saw it as a harmonious society with officials chosen on merit, where the arts and philosophy flourished, and the peasantry labored happily on the land.
The USSR had a network of Communist parties it supported; China now created its own rival network to battle it out. [205] Lorenz M. Lüthi writes: "The Sino-Soviet split was one of the key events of the Cold War, equal in importance to the construction of the Berlin Wall, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Second Vietnam War, and Sino-American ...