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Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic [3.2.1] alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. [1] Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae .
Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound. It is mainly known for the other alkaloids derived from it, which include atropine and cocaine , among others. Tropane alkaloids occur in plants of the families Erythroxylaceae (including coca ) and Solanaceae (including mandrake , henbane , deadly nightshade , datura , potato , tomato ).
Tropine is a derivative of tropane containing a hydroxyl group at the third carbon. It is also called 3-tropanol. [4] It is a poisonous white hygroscopic crystalline powder. [3] It is a heterocyclic alcohol and an amine. [3] Tropine is a central building block of many chemicals active in the nervous system, including tropane alkaloids.
Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae, including henbane, mandrake, angel's trumpets, jimsonweed, the sorcerers' tree, and Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade).
Of the approximately 200 members in the genus Erythroxylum, most species contain the central nervous system stimulant tropane alkaloid, known more commonly as cocaine.Because the plant is endemic ...
Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. [2] [3] Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. Its corresponding conjugate acid at pH 7.3 major species is known as tropiniumone. [4]
Ecgonine (tropane derivative) is a tropane alkaloid found naturally in coca leaves. It has a close structural relation to cocaine: it is both a metabolite and a precursor, and as such, it is a controlled substance in many jurisdictions, as are some substances which can be used as precursors to ecgonine itself.
Scopine is a tropane alkaloid found in a variety of plants including Mandragora root, [2] Senecio mikanioides (Delairea odorata), [3] Scopolia carniolica, [4] and Scopolia lurida. [ 5 ] Scopine can be prepared by the hydrolysis of scopolamine .