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In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, [1] is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley ), and uses a specified set of generators for the group.
n = 1 that yield a minimax approximation or bound for the closely related Q-function: Q(x) ≈ Q̃(x), Q(x) ≤ Q̃(x), or Q(x) ≥ Q̃(x) for x ≥ 0. The coefficients {( a n , b n )} N n = 1 for many variations of the exponential approximations and bounds up to N = 25 have been released to open access as a comprehensive dataset.
A popular message passing algorithm on factor graphs is the sum–product algorithm, which efficiently computes all the marginals of the individual variables of the function. In particular, the marginal of variable X k {\displaystyle X_{k}} is defined as
In mathematics, an empty product, or nullary product or vacuous product, is the result of multiplying no factors.It is by convention equal to the multiplicative identity (assuming there is an identity for the multiplication operation in question), just as the empty sum—the result of adding no numbers—is by convention zero, or the additive identity.
Common examples are the use of reserved values, where, for example, a function returning a positive number may return -1 to indicate failure, and sentinel values, most often used in tagged pointers. Sometimes, untagged unions are used to perform bit-level conversions between types, called reinterpret casts in C++.
Belief propagation, also known as sum–product message passing, is a message-passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. It calculates the marginal distribution for each unobserved node (or variable), conditional on any observed nodes (or variables).
New condo laws are forcing South Florida residents to sell their homes: Here’s the bi…
In number theory, the divisor summatory function is a function that is a sum over the divisor function. It frequently occurs in the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the Riemann zeta function . The various studies of the behaviour of the divisor function are sometimes called divisor problems .