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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
Dapagliflozin is an example of an SGLT-2 inhibitor, it is a competitive, highly selective inhibitor of SGLT. It acts via selective and potent inhibition of SGLT-2, and its activity is based on each patient's underlying blood sugar control and kidney function. The results are decreased kidney reabsorption of glucose, glucosuria effect increases ...
Sotagliflozin, sold under the brand name Inpefa among others, is a medication used to reduce the risk of death due to heart failure. [1] It is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. [1]
SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, [14] are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 is only found in kidney tubules and in conjunction with SGLT1 resorbs glucose into the blood from the forming urine. By inhibiting SGLT2, and not targeting SGLT1, glucose is excreted which in turn lowers blood glucose levels.
[11] [12] [13] ACE inhibitors improve symptoms, decrease mortality and reduce ventricular hypertrophy. Angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy (also referred to as AT 1 -antagonists or angiotensin receptor blockers), particularly using candesartan , is an acceptable alternative if the patient is unable to tolerate ACEI therapy.
Licogliflozin is a drug which acts as an SGLT2 inhibitor. It was originally developed as a potential treatment for obesity, [1] but has also been investigated for other applications such as treating symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. [2] [3]
Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), and works by increasing sugar loss in urine. [2] Empagliflozin was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2014. [13] [23] [24] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [25]
SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. SGLT2 is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. [6] SGLT2 is located in the early proximal tubule, and is responsible for reabsorption of 80-90% of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus. [7]
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