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Amnesty International: North Korea: Political Prison Camps - Document on conditions in North Korean prison camps; Freedom House: Concentrations of inhumanity Archived 2011-09-08 at the Wayback Machine – Analysis of the phenomena of repression associated with North Korea's political labor camps
The camp was founded around 1965 in Haengyong-ri and expanded into the areas of Chungbong-ri and Sawul-ri in the 1980s and 1990s. [2]: 105–107 The number of prisoners increased sharply in the 1990s when three other prison camps in North Hamgyong province were closed and the prisoners were transferred to Camp 22.
Chongjin camp is a lifetime prison. Like the other political prison camps it is controlled by the state security agency. [2] But while the other camps include many vast prison-labour colonies in remote mountain valleys, Chongjin camp is only one big prison building complex similar to the reeducation camps. [3]
Kaechon concentration camp (also spelled Kaech'ŏn or Gaecheon) is a prison in North Korea with many political prisoners. The official name is Kyo-hwa-so (Reeducation camp) No. 1. It is not to be confused with Kaechon internment camp (Kwan-li-so Nr. 14), which is located 20 km (12 mi) to the south-east.
Yodok camp was about 110 km (70 mi) northeast of Pyongyang. [6] It was located in Yodok County, South Hamgyong Province, stretching into the valley of the Ipsok River, surrounded by mountains: Paek-san 1,742 m (5,715 ft) to the north, Modo-san 1,833 m (6,014 ft) to the northwest, Tok-san 1,250 m (4,100 ft) to the west, and Byeongpung-san 1,152 m (3,780 ft) to the south.
According to Hwang Jang-yop, the former leader of the Workers’ Party of Korea, Pukchang camp is the oldest North Korean prison camp and was already erected by 1958. [2] Like in Yodok camp there is one section for political prisoners in lifelong detention and another section functioning as a reeducation camp.
Daily NK: Prison Tales – Prison memoir series by Lee Jun Ha; One Free Korea: Camp 12 - Chongori camp with satellite photographs; Korea Institute for National Unification - White paper on human rights in North Korea 2009 (page 179 and 443) Chosun Ilbo: N. Korea in brutal crackdown on defectors – Many defectors arrested and deported to ...
Kangdong concentration camp (also spelled Gangdong) is a reeducation camp in North Korea.The official name of the camp is Kyo-hwa-so No. 4 (Reeducation camp no. 4).. The camp consists of a large prison compound situated between Samdung-ri and the Nam River, in Kangdong-gun, in South Pyongan province of North Korea, about 30 km (19 mi) east of downtown Pyongyang.