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Income from working children, even if small, may be between 25 and 40% of the household income. Other scholars such as Harsch on African child labour, and Edmonds and Pavcnik on global child labour have reached the same conclusion. [15] [58] [59] While poverty is a significant factor, the relationship between poverty and child labor is complex.
The 1833 Factory Act stipulated that no child under the age of 9 could be legally employed, children 9 to 13 years old could not work more than 8 hours, and children 14 to 18 could not work more than 12 hours a day, children could not work at night, children needed to attend a minimum of 2 hours of education a day, and employers needed age ...
In 1839 Prussia was the first country to pass laws restricting child labor in factories and setting the number of hours a child could work, [1] although a child labour law was passed was in 1836 in the state of Massachusetts. [2] Almost the entirety of Europe had child labour laws in place by 1890.
Hindman, Hugh D. Child Labor: An American History (2002) Humphries, Jane. Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution (Cambridge Studies in Economic History) (2011) excerpt and text search; Kirby, Peter. Child Labour in Britain, 1750–1870 (2003) excerpt and text search; Mofford, Juliet. Child Labor in America (1970) Tuttle ...
The movement to abolish child labor had been overwhelmingly led by white reformers since the 1870s, when the growing problem of poor white children working in Southern textile mills launched the ...
The Wages and Hours (later Fair Labor Standards) Act is passed, banning child labor and setting the 40-hour work week. [40] The Act went into effect in October 1940, and was upheld in the Supreme Court on 3 February 1941. 1939 (United States) Chrysler Auto Strike occurred. [40] Flint Sit-Down Strike window 1939 (United States)
Federal protection of some child workers finally arrived with passage of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act as part of the New Deal. Unlike earlier legislation, it was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Child labor in the United States was a common phenomenon across the economy in the 19th century. Outside agriculture, it gradually declined in the early 20th century, except in the South which added children in textile and other industries. Child labor remained common in the agricultural sector until compulsory school laws were enacted by the ...