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Campylobacter species are sensitive to hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and acid reduction treatment can reduce the amount of inoculum needed to cause disease. [ citation needed ] Exposure to bacteria is often more common during travelling, and therefore campylobacteriosis is a common form of travelers' diarrhea .
Campylobacter infections tend to be mild, requiring only hydration and electrolyte repletion while diarrhea lasts. Maintenance of electrolyte balance, not antibiotic treatment, is the cornerstone of treatment for campylobacter enteritis. Depending on the degree of dehydration, alternate measures may be taken including parenteral methods of ...
Standard treatment in high-risk cases is azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, especially for Campylobacter infections in children, [39] although other antibiotics, such as quinolones, tetracycline and other macrolides are sometimes used to treat gastrointestinal Campylobacter infections in adults. [40]
In diarrhea caused by invasive pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter, the use of such agents has generally been strongly discouraged, though evidence is lacking that they are harmful when administered in combination with antibiotics in Clostridioides difficile cases. [2]
It is a common cause of diarrhea in those who are hospitalized and is frequently associated with antibiotic use. [32] Staphylococcus aureus infectious diarrhea may also occur in those who have used antibiotics. [33] Acute "traveler's diarrhea" is usually a type of bacterial gastroenteritis, while the persistent form is usually parasitic. [34]
Campylobacter upsaliensis infections in humans can cause Campylobacteriosis, a more significant gastroenteritis. [3] C. upsaliensis is the second most common Campylobacter species isolated in humans with diarrhea (behind Campylobacter jejuni). [3] Clinical signs include fever, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), and stomach cramps. [19]
Primary treatment includes rehydration and replacing lost salts (oral rehydration therapy). [3] [4] Antibiotics are recommended for significant or persistent symptoms, and can be taken with loperamide to decrease diarrhea. [3] Hospitalization is required in less than 3 percent of cases. [2]
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is employed in the treatment of numerous bacterial infections. It is effective against bacteria such as Moraxella catarrhalis, Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Additionally, doxycycline is used in the prevention and treatment of serious conditions like anthrax ...