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Two useful introductions to the fundamental theory underlying the unit of selection issue and debate, which also present examples of multi-level selection from the entire range of the biological hierarchy (typically with entities at level N-1 competing for increased representation, i.e., higher frequency, at the immediately higher level N, e.g., organisms in populations or cell lineages in ...
A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.
[3] [6] The former group was concerned about sustaining their livelihoods, while the latter was concerned about the environmental impacts of livestock grazing. [28] The groups found common ground around conserving and restoring rangeland, and diverse stakeholders, including ranchers, environmental groups, scientists, and government agencies ...
These groups share an indistinguishable part within their energy flow, providing a key position within food chains and relationships within environment(s). [ 2 ] An ecosystem is the biological organization that defines and expands on various environment factors, abiotic and biotic , that relate to simultaneous interaction. [ 3 ]
1988 to Present – The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Biological Diversity in began working in November 1988, leading to the publication of the draft Convention on Biological Diversity in May 1992. Since this time, there have been 16 Conferences of the Parties (COPs) to discuss potential global ...
Hubbell built on earlier neutral models, including Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson's theory of island biogeography [1] and Stephen Jay Gould's concepts of symmetry and null models. [7] An "ecological community" is a group of trophically similar, sympatric species that actually or potentially compete in a local area for the same or similar ...
Biogeochemistry research groups exist in many universities around the world. Since this is a highly interdisciplinary field, these are situated within a wide range of host disciplines including: atmospheric sciences, biology, ecology, geomicrobiology, environmental chemistry, geology, oceanography and soil science.
Definition Species population: All individuals of a species. Metapopulation: A set of spatially disjunct populations, among which there is some migration. Population: A group of conspecific individuals that is demographically, genetically, or spatially disjunct from other groups of individuals. Aggregation: A spatially clustered group of ...