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Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... This is a list of topics around Boolean algebra and propositional logic. Articles with a wide scope and ...
Predicate logic. First-order logic. Infinitary logic; Many-sorted logic; Higher-order logic. Lindström quantifier; Second-order logic; Soundness theorem; Gödel's completeness theorem. Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem; Compactness theorem; Löwenheim–Skolem theorem. Skolem's paradox; Gödel's incompleteness theorems; Structure ...
The Pythagorean theorem has at least 370 known proofs. [1]In mathematics and formal logic, a theorem is a statement that has been proven, or can be proven. [a] [2] [3] The proof of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of the axioms and previously proved theorems.
This is a list of notable theorems. Lists of theorems and similar statements include: List of algebras; List of algorithms; List of axioms; List of conjectures; List of data structures; List of derivatives and integrals in alternative calculi; List of equations; List of fundamental theorems; List of hypotheses; List of inequalities; Lists of ...
More exotic proof calculi such as Jean-Yves Girard's proof nets also support a notion of analytic proof. A particular family of analytic proofs arising in reductive logic are focused proofs which characterise a large family of goal-directed proof-search procedures. The ability to transform a proof system into a focused form is a good indication ...
A logical system that incorporates probabilistic elements to deal with uncertainty, extending classical logic to handle degrees of belief or likelihood. probability theory The mathematical study of randomness and uncertainty, focusing on the analysis of random variables, events, and processes.
First-order logic—also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, quantificational logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain variables.
Axiomatic proofs have been used in mathematics since the famous Ancient Greek textbook, Euclid's Elements of Geometry, c. 300 BC. But the first known fully formalized proof system that thereby qualifies as a Hilbert system dates back to Gottlob Frege's 1879 Begriffsschrift.