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A vehicle snorkel is the land-based equivalent of the submarine snorkel which allows submarines to use diesel engines while submerged. [1] Snorkels, when used by vehicles with air-breathing internal combustion engines , sometimes allow limited deep wading capability for river crossing or amphibious landing operations, particularly in the case ...
AIP is usually implemented as an auxiliary source, with the traditional diesel engine handling surface propulsion. Most such systems generate electricity, which in turn drives an electric motor for propulsion or recharges the boat's batteries. The submarine's electrical system is also used for providing "hotel services"—ventilation, lighting ...
This makes it different from the less extreme "wading" done by many off-road vehicles which are simply fitted with a snorkel that is higher than the normal engine air intake, roughly level with the top of the cab. In these cases, the crew compartment is not watertight, and the snorkel provides air only for the engine.
For an automobile engine the components through which the air flows to the engine cylinders, are collectively known as an intake system [4] and may include the inlet port and valve. [5] An intake for a hydroelectric power plant is the capture area in a reservoir which feeds a pressure pipe, or penstock , or into an open canal.
The intake snorkel (opening for the intake air to enter the system) must be large enough to ensure sufficient air is available to the engine under all conditions from idle to full throttle. The most basic cold air intake consists of a long metal or plastic tube leading to a conical air filter.
The 4.5 kW DC electric motor is powered by either lead-acid or silver-zinc batteries, providing a maximum range of 23 nmi or 46 nmi. The cruise and maximum speed are 2.8 and 6.5 kn. Navigation equipment comprises an aircraft-type gyro compass, a magnetic compass, depth gauge with a 0 to 100-metre scale, echo-sounder, sonar, two searchlights and ...
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The flow area then increases for subsonic compression, or diffusion, up to the engine face. The position of the cone within the intake is usually controlled automatically to keep the plane shock wave correctly located just downstream of the throat. Certain circumstances can cause the shock wave to be expelled from the intake.