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Xiao'erjing can be divided into two sets, the "Mosque system" and the "Daily system". The "Mosque system" is the system used by pupils and imams in mosques and madrasahs . It contains much Arabic and Persian religious lexicon, and no usage of Chinese characters.
The book, printed in 1899 in Tashkent, contains the original Arabic text and a parallel translation into Chinese, written in the Xiao'erjing system. During its existence, the Dungan alphabet has changed its graphic base several times and has been repeatedly reformed. Currently, the Dungan script functions in Cyrillic.
Xiao'erjing is now virtually extinct in Dungan society, but it remains in limited use by some Hui communities in China. The writing system is based on the standard 3-tone dialect. Tone marks or numbering do not appear in general-purpose writing, but are specified in dictionaries, even for loanwords .
Xiao'erjing is a Perso-Arabic script adopted for writing of Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) or the Dungan language. This writing system is unique (compared to other Arabic-based writing systems) in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly marked at all times with Arabic ...
Xiao'erjing is a Perso-Arabic alphabet, adopted by Hui Muslims and at times utilized as ruby characters in various manuscripts. This system does have its shortcomings, mainly that it has no way of indicating tones. With the spread of pinyin, the usage of this system has been in decline in the past decades.
Lin Nu (林駑, Xiao'erjing: لٍ ﻧُﻮْ) was a Chinese merchant and scholar in the early Ming dynasty.He is the ancestor of the late Ming philosopher Li Zhi. [1] His family was Han Chinese in origin and the branch that remained true to Han culture cut off the Lin Nu's branch for marrying a foreigner and converting to another religion.
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The Dungan Revolt (1862–1877), also known as the Tongzhi Hui Revolt (simplified Chinese: 同治回乱; traditional Chinese: 同治回亂; pinyin: Tóngzhì Huí Luàn, Xiao'erjing: تُجِ خُوِ لُوًا, Dungan: Тунҗы Хуэй Луан) or Hui (Muslim) Minorities War, was a war fought in 19th-century western China, mostly ...