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Xiao'erjing is unusual among Arabic script-based writing systems in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly notated with diacritics, making it an abugida. Some other Arabic-based writing systems in China, such as the Uyghur Arabic alphabet , use letters and not diacritics to mark short vowels.
In China, to write texts in their native Chinese language, the Huizu used either hieroglyphs or a modified Arabic script called Xiao'erjing.At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the first Cyrillic records of Dungan dialects in the Russian Empire were made by V. I. Tsibuzgin, a teacher at the Russian-Dungan school in the village of Karakunuz, and his assistant, Zhebur Matsivang.
Reform of older Arabic-script Uyghur orthography that was used prior to the 1950s. Vowels are mandatory, i.e. alphabet Wolofal: 33 ݖ گ ݧ ݝ ݒ Naskh: Wolof: West Africa Arabic, however, borrows at least one glyph from Perso-Arabic: Xiao'erjing: 36 ٿ س﮲ ڞ ي Naskh: Sinitic languages: China, Central Asia Chagatai
A book on law in Arabic, with a parallel Chinese translation in the Xiao'erjing Arabic script, published in Tashkent in 1899 Calligraphy on a plaque in the Great Mosque of Xi'an in Sini script The Basmala in Sini script
Xiao'erjing uses the Arabic alphabet to transliterate Chinese. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to the Islamic faith in China (mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang, and the Salar), and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia.
Xiao'erjing is a Perso-Arabic alphabet, ... In the US, the font size had been called "agate", a term in use since 1831 according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Historically Arabic script has been adopted and used by many tonal languages, examples include Xiao'erjing for Mandarin Chinese as well as Ajami script adopted for writing various languages of Western Africa. However, the Arabic script never had an inherent way of representing tones until it was adapted for the Rohingya language.
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