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Two approaches can be distinguished: A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis of the discrepancy between the sensor readings and expected values, derived from some model. In the latter case, it is typical that a fault is said to be detected if the discrepancy or residual goes above a certain ...
A throttle position sensor (TPS) is a sensor used to monitor the throttle body valve position for the ECU of an engine. The sensor is usually located on the butterfly spindle/shaft, so that it can directly monitor the position of the throttle. More advanced forms of the sensor are also used.
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Service / Mode $05 displays the oxygen sensor monitor screen and the test results gathered about the oxygen sensor. There are ten numbers available for diagnostics: $01 Rich-to-Lean O2 sensor threshold voltage; $02 Lean-to-Rich O2 sensor threshold voltage; $03 Low sensor voltage threshold for switch time measurement
The most important sensors are as follows: A steering wheel angle sensor that determines where the driver wants to steer. This kind of sensor often uses AMR elements. A yaw rate sensor that measures the rotation rate of the car. The data from the yaw sensor is compared with the data from the steering wheel angle sensor to determine regulating ...
In a diesel, the sensor will control the fuel injection. The sensor output may also be related to other sensor data including the cam position to derive the current combustion cycle, this is very important for the starting of a four-stroke engine. Sometimes, the sensor may become burnt or worn out - or just die of old age at high mileage.
Crankshaft position sensor (CKP) Curb feeler; Defect detector; Engine coolant temperature sensor; Hall effect sensor; Wheel speed sensor; Airbag sensors; Automatic transmission speed sensor; Brake fluid pressure sensor; Camshaft position sensor (CMP) Cylinder Head Temperature gauge; Engine crankcase pressure sensor; Exhaust gas temperature ...
MAP sensor data can be converted to air mass data by using a second variable coming from an IAT Sensor (intake air temperature sensor). This is called the speed-density method. Engine speed (RPM) is also used to determine where on a look up table to determine fuelling, hence speed-density (engine speed / air density).