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Araucanía or Araucana [1] was the Spanish name given to the region of Chile inhabited by the Mapuche peoples known as the Moluche (also known as Araucanos by the Spanish) in the 18th century. Prior to the Spanish conquest of Chile , the lands of the Moluche lay between the Itata River and Toltén River .
The majestic conifer Araucaria araucana, or monkey-puzzle tree (known locally as pehuén), towers above the landscape. Its fruit, the piñón (a type of massive pine nut , often growing to the size and weight of a basketball or a bowling ball ) is still a staple food for the indigenous Pehuenches and local residents.
The early history of the Araucana is not documented. The birds were commonly seen in South America in the early twentieth century. [5]: 16 The Spanish aviculturist Salvador Castelló, who visited Chile in 1914, saw them and named them "Gallina Araucana", as many were found among the Mapuche people of the Araucanía region of Chile, whom the Spanish called Araucanos.
The Mapuche (/ m ə ˈ p uː tʃ i / mə-POO-chee, [3] Mapuche and Spanish:) also known as Araucanians are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia.
The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (Spanish: Reino de la Araucanía y de la Patagonia; French: Royaume d'Araucanie et de Patagonie), sometimes referred to as Kingdom of New France (French: Royaume de Nouvelle-France), was an unrecognized state [2] [3] declared by two ordinances on November 17, 1860 and November 20, 1860 from Antoine de Tounens, a French lawyer and adventurer, who claimed ...
View of a modern reconstruction of the Fort of Purén built during the occupation.. The Occupation of Araucanía or Pacification of Araucanía (1861–1883) was a series of military campaigns, agreements and penetrations by the Chilean army and settlers into Mapuche territory which led to the incorporation of Araucanía into Chilean national territory.
The Arauco War was a long-running conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people, mostly fought in the Araucanía region of Chile.The conflict began at first as a reaction to the Spanish conquerors attempting to establish cities and force Mapuches into servitude.
Araucanía Region, an administrative region of Chile, the heartland of the historic region of Araucania; Araucanía (historic region), a historical region of Central Chile also called Arauco