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4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid.It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is primarily known as the basis for the preparation of its esters, known as parabens ...
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside is a glucoside of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It can be found in mycorrhizal (Picea abies-Lactarius deterrimus and Picea abies-Laccaria amethystina) and non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruces (Picea abies). [1] The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase can be found in the pollen of Pinus ...
Hydroxybenzoic acid may refer to several related chemical compounds: 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid) 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (m-hydroxybenzoic acid) 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic acid)
By using potassium hydroxide, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is accessible, an important precursor for the versatile paraben class of biocides used e.g. in personal care products. The methodology is also used in the industrial synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid; the regiochemistry of the carboxylation in this case is sensitive to temperature. [6]
Monohydroxybenzoic acid may refer to any of three isomeric phenolic acids: Salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid) 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (m-hydroxybenzoic acid) 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) Monohydroxybenzoic acids can be degraded by microbes. [1]
Rats exposed to a high concentration of butylparaben during pregnancy gave birth to fewer pups, and pups with malformed reproductive organs. [1] Mice administered butylparaben at 0.01-1% body weight for ten weeks showed a decrease in serum testosterone concentration and in spermatid counts in the seminiferous tubules.
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy are common, benign conditions that result from the changes to the body that occur during pregnancy. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy typically change as pregnancy progresses, although several symptoms may be present throughout. Depending on severity, common symptoms in pregnancy can develop into complications. [1]
According to a study conducted by Whitcome, et al., lumbar lordosis can increase from an angle of 32 degrees at 0% fetal mass (i.e. non-pregnant women or very early in pregnancy) to 50 degrees at 100% fetal mass (very late in pregnancy). Postpartum, the angle of the lordosis declines and can reach the angle prior to pregnancy.