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  2. Ruby - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby

    Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [3] The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the presence of chromium.

  3. Cardinal gem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_gem

    The five cardinal gems. Clockwise from top: sapphire, ruby, emerald, amethyst, diamond. Cardinal gems are gemstones which have traditionally been considered precious above all others. The classification of the cardinal gems dates back to antiquity, and was largely determined by ceremonial or religious use as well as rarity. [1]

  4. Corundum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corundum

    Rubies are red due to the presence of chromium, and sapphires exhibit a range of colors depending on what transition metal is present. [7] A rare type of sapphire, padparadscha sapphire, is pink-orange. The name "corundum" is derived from the Tamil-Dravidian word kurundam (ruby-sapphire) (appearing in Sanskrit as kuruvinda). [8] [9]

  5. List of sapphires by size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sapphires_by_size

    It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby. [1] Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale.

  6. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Fracture filling has been in use with different gemstones such as diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires. In 2006 "glass-filled rubies" received publicity. Rubies over 10 carats (2 g) with large fractures were filled with lead glass, thus dramatically improving the appearance (of larger rubies in particular). Such treatments are fairly easy to detect.

  7. Sapphire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire

    A star sapphire is a type of sapphire that exhibits a star-like phenomenon known as asterism; red stones are known as "star rubies". Star sapphires contain intersecting needle-like inclusions following the underlying crystal structure that causes the appearance of a six-rayed "star"-shaped pattern when viewed with a single overhead light source.

  8. List of rubies by size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rubies_by_size

    Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [1] The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are ...

  9. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

    Logan Sapphire; Star of Bombay, given to Mary Pickford by Douglas Fairbanks, Sr; Star of India; Stuart Sapphire; Black Star of Queensland; Star of Adam, with a weight of 1,404.49 carats (280.898 g), it is the largest star sapphire in the world. Queen Marie of Romania Sapphire

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